---
title: Nehemiah 7:3 (JPS 1917) — And I said unto them: 'Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened unti… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I said unto them: 'Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun be hot; and while they stand on guard, let them shut the doors, and bar ye them; and let watches be appointed of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, every one in his watch, and every one to be over against his house.' Who acts: 
---

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# Nehemiah 7:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I said unto them: 'Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun be hot; and while they stand on guard, let them shut the doors, and bar ye them; and let watches be appointed of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, every one in his watch, and every one to be over against his house.'

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**Who acts:** I, gates, sun, brother, ye, watches · **What happens:** say, not let, open, be, stand, let · **To what, where:** gates, guard, brother, doors, watches, house · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Nehemiah 7:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, gates, sun, brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NEH:146
# text = And I said unto them: 'Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun be hot; and while they stand on guard, let them shut the doors, and bar ye them; and let watches be appointed of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, every one in his watch, and every one to be over against his house.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	opened	open	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	xcomp	_	_
16	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	cop	_	_
20	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	advcl	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
23	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
29	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	shut	shut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	bar	bar	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
37	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	36	nsubj	_	_
38	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	_
39	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
42	watches	watch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	_
43	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	aux:pass	_	_
44	appointed	appoint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	41	xcomp	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obl	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	_
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
51	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	52	det	_	_
52	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	appos	_	_
53	in	in	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	55	nmod:poss	_	_
55	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nmod	_	_
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
57	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	59	cc	_	_
58	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	59	det	_	_
59	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	conj	_	_
60	to	to	PART	TO	_	65	mark	_	_
61	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	65	cop	_	_
62	over	over	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
63	against	against	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
64	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	65	nmod:poss	_	_
65	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	acl	_	_
66	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
67	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | I |  |  |  |  | unto brother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **let** | infinitive |  | the gates of Jerusalem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **open** | infinitive · passive | the gates of Jerusalem *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **is** | infinitive | the sun |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **stand** | present | brother |  |  | guard |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on guard=Location |
| 6 | **let** | infinitive |  | brother |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **shut** | infinitive | brother *not said here* | the doors |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent door=Patient |
| 8 | **bar** | infinitive | ye | brother |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer they=Theme |
| 9 | **let** | infinitive |  | watches |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **appoint** | infinitive · passive | watches *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the inhabitants of Jerusalem | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP» |
| 11 | **is** | to-infinitive | watches *not said here* |  |  | Jerusalem's house |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וָאֹמַ֣ר לָהֶ֗ם לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עַד־חֹ֣ם הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְעַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַדְּלָת֖וֹת וֶאֱחֹ֑זוּ וְהַעֲמֵ֗יד מִשְׁמְרוֹת֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם אִ֚ישׁ בְּמִשְׁמָר֔וֹ וְאִ֖ישׁ נֶ֥גֶד בֵּיתֽוֹ׃

[Nehemiah 7:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.7.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:146` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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