---
title: Nehemiah 9:16 (JPS 1917) — But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their neck, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their neck, and hearkened not to Thy commandments, Who acts: commandments, Thy. Nehemiah 9:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Nehemiah 9:16 · JPS 1917

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But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their neck, and hearkened not to Thy commandments,

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**Who acts:** commandments, Thy · **What happens:** deal, harden, not hearken, command · **To what, where:** neck · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Nehemiah 9:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (commandments, Thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NEH:257
# text = But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their neck, and hearkened not to Thy commandments,
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	dealt	deal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	proudly	proudly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hardened	harden	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	hearkened	hearken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	commandments	commandment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deal** | past | commandments *= commandment* |  |  |  |  | proudly *property* | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **harden** | past | commandments *= commandment* *not said here* | commandments's neck |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent neck=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **hearken** | past | commandments *= commandment* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to Thy commandments | tree rules |
| 4 | **command** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְהֵ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ הֵזִ֑ידוּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃

[Nehemiah 9:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.9.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:257` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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