---
title: Nehemiah 2:13 (JPS 1917) — And I went out by night by the valley gate, even toward the dragon's… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I went out by night by the valley gate, even toward the dragon's well, and to the dung gate, and viewed the walls of Jerusalem, which were broken down, and the gates thereof were consumed with fire. Who acts: I. Nehemiah 2:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Nehemiah 2:13 · JPS 1917

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And I went out by night by the valley gate, even toward the dragon's well, and to the dung gate, and viewed the walls of Jerusalem, which were broken down, and the gates thereof were consumed with fire.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** go out, view, break down, consume · **To what, where:** walls, gates

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This is Nehemiah 2:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NEH:26
# text = And I went out by night by the valley gate, even toward the dragon's well, and to the dung gate, and viewed the walls of Jerusalem, which were broken down, and the gates thereof were consumed with fire.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	even	even	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
13	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	well	well	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	dung	dung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	viewed	view	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	acl:relcl	_	_
35	down	down	ADP	RP	_	34	compound:prt	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj:pass	_	_
40	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
41	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux:pass	_	_
42	consumed	consume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
43	with	with	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | I |  |  |  | night | by the valley gate; toward the dragon's well and the dung gate; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **view** | past | I *not said here* | the walls of Jerusalem |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wall=Stimulus |
| 3 | **break down** | past · passive |  | the walls of Jerusalem |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **consume** | past · passive |  | the gates |  |  |  | with fire | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וָאֵצְאָ֨ה בְשַֽׁעַר־הַגַּ֜יא לַ֗יְלָה וְאֶל־פְּנֵי֙ עֵ֣ינ הַתַּנִּ֔ין עֵ֣ינ הַתַּנִּ֔ין וְאֶל־שַׁ֖עַר הָאַשְׁפֹּ֑ת וָאֱהִ֨י שֹׂבֵ֜ר בְּחוֹמֹ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣ם ׀ פְּרוּצִ֔ים וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃

[Nehemiah 2:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.2.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:26` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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