--- title: Nehemiah 9:25 (JPS 1917) — And they took fortified cities, and a fat land, and possessed houses… · tree and pragmatics description: And they took fortified cities, and a fat land, and possessed houses full of all good things, cisterns hewn out, vineyards, and oliveyards, and fruit-trees in abundance; so they did eat, and were filled, and became fat, and luxuriated in Thy great goodness. Who acts: commandments. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (commandments), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:NEH:266 # text = And they took fortified cities, and a fat land, and possessed houses full of all good things, cisterns hewn out, vineyards, and oliveyards, and fruit-trees in abundance; so they did eat, and were filled, and became fat, and luxuriated in Thy great goodness. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 fortified fortify VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 amod _ _ 5 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 fat fat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 possessed possess VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 14 houses house NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 19 det _ _ 18 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 cisterns cistern NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 22 hewn hew VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 acl _ _ 23 out out ADP RP _ 22 compound:prt _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 vineyards vineyard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 oliveyards oliveyard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 31 fruit fruit NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 32 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 31 punct _ _ 33 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 abundance abundance NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 36 ; ; PUNCT : _ 40 punct _ _ 37 so so ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 38 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 39 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 43 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux:pass _ _ 44 filled fill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 40 conj _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 47 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 conj _ _ 48 fat fat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 47 xcomp _ _ 49 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 50 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 51 luxuriated luxuriate VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 conj _ _ 52 in in ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 53 Thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 55 nmod:poss _ _ 54 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 55 amod _ _ 55 goodness goodness NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obl _ _ 56 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past | commandments *= commandment* | fortified cities and a fat land | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme | | 2 | **fortify** | participle | | | | | | | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **possess** | past | commandments *= commandment* *not said here* | houses and cisterns and vineyards and oliveyards and fruit trees in abundance | | | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot house=Theme | | 4 | **hew out** | participle | | cisterns *not said here* | | | | | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **eat** | past · do-support | commandments *= commandment* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **fill** | past · passive | commandments *= commandment* *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V» | | 7 | **become** | past | commandments *= commandment* *not said here* | | | | | fat *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 8 | **luxuriate** | past | commandments *= commandment* *not said here* | | | Thy great goodness | | | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַֽיִּלְכְּד֞וּ עָרִ֣ים בְּצֻרוֹת֮ וַאֲדָמָ֣ה שְׁמֵנָה֒ וַיִּֽירְשׁ֡וּ בָּתִּ֣ים מְלֵֽאִים־כָּל־ט֠וּב בֹּר֨וֹת חֲצוּבִ֜ים כְּרָמִ֧ים וְזֵיתִ֛ים וְעֵ֥ץ מַאֲכָ֖ל לָרֹ֑ב וַיֹּאכְל֤וּ וַֽיִּשְׂבְּעוּ֙ וַיַּשְׁמִ֔ינוּ וַיִּֽתְעַדְּנ֖וּ בְּטוּבְךָ֥ הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ [Nehemiah 9:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.9.25/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:266` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 9:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.265/) - next →: [Nehemiah 9:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.267/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 9:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.9.25/)