---
title: Nehemiah 9:34 (JPS 1917) — neither have our kings, our princes, our priests, nor our fathers, k… · tree and pragmatics
description: neither have our kings, our princes, our priests, nor our fathers, kept Thy law, nor hearkened unto Thy commandments and Thy testimonies, wherewith Thou didst testify against them. Who acts: kings, Thou, Thy. Nehemiah 9:34 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Nehemiah 9:34 · JPS 1917

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neither have our kings, our princes, our priests, nor our fathers, kept Thy law, nor hearkened unto Thy commandments and Thy testimonies, wherewith Thou didst testify against them.

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**Who acts:** kings, Thou, Thy · **What happens:** keep, hearken, testify, command · **To what, where:** law · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Nehemiah 9:34 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kings, Thou, Thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NEH:275
# text = neither have our kings, our princes, our priests, nor our fathers, kept Thy law, nor hearkened unto Thy commandments and Thy testimonies, wherewith Thou didst testify against them.
1	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	16	cc:preconj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	14	cc	_	_
13	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	21	cc	_	_
21	hearkened	hearken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
22	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	commandments	commandment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	testimonies	testimony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	wherewith	wherewith	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	32	advmod	_	_
30	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	32	nsubj	_	_
31	didst	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	testify	testify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	acl:relcl	_	_
33	against	against	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obl	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=evaluate, polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | our kings and our princes and our priests nor our fathers | Thy law |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme |
| 2 | **hearken** | past | our kings and our princes and our priests nor our fathers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto Thy commandments and Thy testimonies | tree rules |
| 3 | **testify** *speech: other* | past · do-support | Thou |  |  |  |  | against commandments *= commandment*; wherewith *property* | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **command** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **testify** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom testimony «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאֶת־מְלָכֵ֤ינוּ שָׂרֵ֙ינוּ֙ כֹּהֲנֵ֣ינוּ וַאֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ לֹ֥א עָשׂ֖וּ תּוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ וְלֹ֤א הִקְשִׁ֙יבוּ֙ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶ֔יךָ וּלְעֵ֣דְוֺתֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַעִידֹ֖תָ בָּהֶֽם׃

[Nehemiah 9:34: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.9.34/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:275` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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