--- title: Nehemiah 13:19 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass that, when the gates of Jerusalem began to be da… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass that, when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut, and commanded that they should not be opened till after the sabbath; and some of my servants set I over the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sa --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.425/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Nehemiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH/13/) / [13:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.19/) / JPS 1 # Nehemiah 13:19 · JPS 1917 And it came to pass that, when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut, and commanded that they should not be opened till after the sabbath; and some of my servants set I over the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day. **Who acts:** gates, I, some · **What happens:** come, pass, begin, be, command, shut · **To what, where:** sabbath, doors, gates, burden · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Nehemiah 13:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gates, I, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:NEH:425 # text = And it came to pass that, when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut, and commanded that they should not be opened till after the sabbath; and some of my servants set I over the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 expl _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 that that SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 8 when when SCONJ WRB _ 13 mark _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 gates gate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 Jerusalem Jerusalem PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 13 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 15 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 16 cop _ _ 16 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 xcomp _ _ 17 before before ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 sabbath sabbath NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 21 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 commanded command VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 ccomp _ _ 23 that that SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 doors door NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj:pass _ _ 26 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 27 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 shut shut VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 ccomp _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 commanded command VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 32 that that SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 33 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 35 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 37 advmod _ _ 36 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 37 aux:pass _ _ 37 opened open VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 31 ccomp _ _ 38 till till ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 39 after after ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 sabbath sabbath NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 42 ; ; PUNCT : _ 48 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 44 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 48 nsubj _ _ 45 of of ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ _ 47 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 nmod _ _ 48 set set VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 49 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 50 over over ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 gates gate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 obl _ _ 53 , , PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ _ 54 that that SCONJ IN _ 60 mark _ _ 55 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 60 expl _ _ 56 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 60 aux _ _ 57 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 58 det _ _ 58 burden burden NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 nsubj:pass _ _ 59 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 60 aux:pass _ _ 60 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 48 advcl _ _ 61 in in ADP RP _ 60 compound:prt _ _ 62 on on ADP IN _ 65 case _ _ 63 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 65 det _ _ 64 sabbath sabbath NOUN NN Number=Sing 65 compound _ _ 65 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 obl _ _ 66 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | | sabbath | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **begin** | past | the gates of Jerusalem | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 4 | **is** | to-infinitive | the gates of Jerusalem *not said here* | | | | before the sabbath | dark *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **command** | past | I | | | | | | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **shut** | should · passive | | the doors | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | | 7 | **command** | past | I *not said here* | | | | | | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **not** **open** | should · passive | | doors *= door* | | | till the sabbath | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 9 | **set** | past | some | | | the gates | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent over gate=Destination | | 10 | **bring in** | should · passive | | no burden | | there | day | | vn earn-54.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צָֽלֲלוּ֩ שַׁעֲרֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לִפְנֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת וָאֹֽמְרָה֙ וַיִּסָּגְר֣וּ הַדְּלָת֔וֹת וָאֹ֣מְרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יִפְתָּח֔וּם עַ֖ד אַחַ֣ר הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וּמִנְּעָרַ֗י הֶֽעֱמַ֙דְתִּי֙ עַל־הַשְּׁעָרִ֔ים לֹא־יָב֥וֹא מַשָּׂ֖א בְּי֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ [Nehemiah 13:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.19/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:425` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 13:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.424/) - next →: [Nehemiah 13:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.426/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 13:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.19/)