---
title: Nehemiah 13:21 (JPS 1917) — Then I forewarned them, and said unto them: 'Why lodge ye about the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then I forewarned them, and said unto them: 'Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you.' From that time forth came they no more on the sabbath. Who acts: I, ye, merchants. Nehemiah 13:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Nehemiah 13:21 · JPS 1917

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Then I forewarned them, and said unto them: 'Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you.' From that time forth came they no more on the sabbath.

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**Who acts:** I, ye, merchants · **What happens:** forewarn, say, lodge, lay, come · **To what, where:** merchants, hands, sabbath · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Nehemiah 13:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, ye, merchants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NEH:427
# text = Then I forewarned them, and said unto them: 'Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you.' From that time forth came they no more on the sabbath.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	forewarned	forewarn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
12	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
13	lodge	lodge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
14	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nsubj	_	_
15	about	about	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
19	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nsubj	_	_
21	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
22	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	again	again	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
28	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
29	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
32	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
33	From	from	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	35	det	_	_
35	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
36	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
38	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
39	no	no	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	37	advmod	_	_
41	on	on	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	sabbath	sabbath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate, indirect=0, polarity=none, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forewarn** | past | I | merchants *= merchant* |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto merchants *= merchant* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **lodge** | infinitive | ye |  |  |  |  | about the wall | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent about wall=Destination |
| 4 | **lay** | future | I | hands |  |  |  | on you | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hand=Theme on you=Destination |
| 5 | **come** | past | merchants *= merchant* |  |  |  | on the sabbath; time | forth *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on sabbath=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וָאָעִ֣ידָה בָהֶ֗ם וָאֹמְרָ֤ה אֲלֵיהֶם֙ מַדּ֜וּעַ אַתֶּ֤ם לֵנִים֙ נֶ֣גֶד הַחוֹמָ֔ה אִם־תִּשְׁנ֕וּ יָ֖ד אֶשְׁלַ֣ח בָּכֶ֑ם מִן־הָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא לֹא־בָ֖אוּ בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃ס

[Nehemiah 13:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.13.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:427` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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