---
title: Nehemiah 3:14 (JPS 1917) — And the dung gate repaired Malchijah the son of Rechab, the ruler of… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the dung gate repaired Malchijah the son of Rechab, the ruler of the district of Beth-cherem; he built it, and set up the doors thereof, the bolts thereof, and the bars thereof. Who acts: dung gate, son. Nehemiah 3:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Nehemiah 3:14 · JPS 1917

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And the dung gate repaired Malchijah the son of Rechab, the ruler of the district of Beth-cherem; he built it, and set up the doors thereof, the bolts thereof, and the bars thereof.

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**Who acts:** dung gate, son · **What happens:** repair, build, set up · **To what, where:** Malchijah, gate, doors

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This is Nehemiah 3:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dung gate, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NEH:53
# text = And the dung gate repaired Malchijah the son of Rechab, the ruler of the district of Beth-cherem; he built it, and set up the doors thereof, the bolts thereof, and the bars thereof.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	dung	dung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	repaired	repair	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Malchijah	Malchijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Rechab	Rechab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	_
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	_
20	cherem	cherem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
28	up	up	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
31	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	bolts	bolt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
35	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
40	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | past | the dung gate | Malchijah |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent malchijah=Patient |
| 2 | **build** | past | son | gate |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |
| 3 | **set up** | past | son *not said here* | the doors and the bolts and the bars |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient door=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שַׁ֣עַר הָאַשְׁפּ֗וֹת הֶחֱזִיק֙ מַלְכִּיָּ֣ה בֶן־רֵכָ֔ב שַׂ֖ר פֶּ֣לֶךְ בֵּית־הַכָּ֑רֶםבֵּית־הַכָּ֑רֶם ה֣וּא יִבְנֶ֔נּוּ וְיַעֲמִיד֙ דַּלְתֹתָ֔יו מַנְעֻלָ֖יו וּבְרִיחָֽיו׃ס

[Nehemiah 3:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.3.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:53` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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