--- title: Nehemiah 3:34 (JPS 1917) — And he spoke before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said:… · tree and pragmatics description: And he spoke before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said: 'What do these feeble Jews? will they restore at will? will they sacrifice? will they make an end this day? will they revive the stones out of the heaps of rubbish, seeing they are burned?' Who acts: Sanballat, feeble Jews, Jews. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sanballat, feeble Jews, Jews), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:NEH:78 # text = And he spoke before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said: 'What do these feeble Jews? will they restore at will? will they sacrifice? will they make an end this day? will they revive the stones out of the heaps of rubbish, seeing they are burned?' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 before before ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 brethren brethren NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 army army NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Samaria Samaria PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 16 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ _ 17 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 18 obj _ _ 18 do do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 ccomp _ _ 19 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 21 det _ _ 20 feeble feeble ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 Jews Jew PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 22 ? ? PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ 23 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 restore restore VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 parataxis _ _ 26 at at ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 will will NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 28 ? ? PUNCT . _ 25 punct _ _ 29 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 31 sacrifice sacrifice VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 parataxis _ _ 32 ? ? PUNCT . _ 31 punct _ _ 33 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 34 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 parataxis _ _ 36 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 38 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 39 det _ _ 39 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl:unmarked _ _ 40 ? ? PUNCT . _ 35 punct _ _ 41 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 42 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 43 revive revive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 parataxis _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 obj _ _ 46 out out ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 46 fixed _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 heaps heap NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 obl _ _ 50 of of ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 51 rubbish rubbish NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 nmod _ _ 52 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 53 seeing see SCONJ IN _ 56 mark _ _ 54 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 56 nsubj:pass _ _ 55 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 56 aux:pass _ _ 56 burned burn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 43 advcl _ _ 57 ? ? PUNCT . _ 43 punct _ _ 58 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: evaluate - voice: character - polarity: neg - indirect: yes - teacher: changed act=evaluate, indirect=1, polarity=neg | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Sanballat | | | | before Sanballat's brethren and the army of Samaria | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Sanballat *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **do** | present | this feeble Jews | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | | 4 | **restore** | future | Jews *= jew* | | | will | | | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **sacrifice** | future | Jews *= jew* | | | | | | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **make** | future | Jews *= jew* | a end | | | day | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset end=Product | | 7 | **revive** | future | Jews *= jew* | the stones | | the heaps of rubbish | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent stone=Patient | | 8 | **burn** | present · passive | | Jews *= jew* | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י אֶחָ֗יו וְחֵיל֙ שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מָ֛ה הַיְּהוּדִ֥ים הָאֲמֵלָלִ֖ים עֹשִׂ֑ים הֲיַעַזְב֨וּ לָהֶ֤ם הֲיִזְבָּ֙חוּ֙ הַיְכַלּ֣וּ בַיּ֔וֹם הַיְחַיּ֧וּ אֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֛ים מֵעֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶעָפָ֖ר וְהֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת׃ [Nehemiah 3:34: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.3.34/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:78` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 3:33 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.77/) - next →: [Nehemiah 3:35 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.79/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 3:34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.3.34/)