---
title: Nehemiah 4:1 (JPS 1917) — But it came to pass that, when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabia… · tree and pragmatics
description: But it came to pass that, when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the repairing of the walls of Jerusalem went forward, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth; Who acts: it, Sanballat, repairing, breaches. Nehemiah
---

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# Nehemiah 4:1 · JPS 1917

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But it came to pass that, when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the repairing of the walls of Jerusalem went forward, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth;

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**Who acts:** it, Sanballat, repairing, breaches · **What happens:** come, pass, hear, go, begin, stop · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Nehemiah 4:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, Sanballat, repairing, breaches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NEH:83
# text = But it came to pass that, when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the repairing of the walls of Jerusalem went forward, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth;
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	26	mark	_	_
9	Sanballat	Sanballat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	Tobiah	Tobiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Arabians	arabian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Ammonites	ammonite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Ashdodites	ashdodite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
26	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	51	advcl	_	_
27	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	repairing	repairing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	ccomp	_	_
36	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
39	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	breaches	breach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj	_	_
42	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	conj	_	_
43	to	to	PART	TO	_	45	mark	_	_
44	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	aux:pass	_	_
45	stopped	stop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	42	xcomp	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
47	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	51	advmod	_	_
48	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	51	nsubj	_	_
49	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	51	cop	_	_
50	very	very	ADV	RB	_	51	advmod	_	_
51	wroth	wroth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
52	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **hear** | past | Sanballat and Tobiah and the Arabians and the Ammonites and the Ashdodites |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **go** | past | the repairing of the walls of Jerusalem |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **begin** | past | the breaches |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **stop** | to-infinitive · passive | the breaches *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V» |
| 7 | **is** | past | breaches *= breach* |  |  |  | then | wroth *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֣י כַאֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע סַנְבַלַּ֡ט וְ֠טוֹבִיָּה וְהָעַרְבִ֨ים וְהָעַמֹּנִ֜ים וְהָאַשְׁדּוֹדִ֗ים כִּֽי־עָלְתָ֤ה אֲרוּכָה֙ לְחֹמ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם כִּי־הֵחֵ֥לּוּ הַפְּרֻצִ֖ים לְהִסָּתֵ֑ם וַיִּ֥חַר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃

[Nehemiah 4:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:83` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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