--- title: Nehemiah 4:8 (JPS 1917) — And I looked, and rose up, and said unto the nobles, and to the rule… · tree and pragmatics description: And I looked, and rose up, and said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest of the people: 'Be not ye afraid of them; remember the Lord, who is great and awful, and fight for your brethren, your sons and your daughters, your wives and your houses.' Who acts: I, ye, Lord. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, ye, Lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:NEH:90 # text = And I looked, and rose up, and said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest of the people: 'Be not ye afraid of them; remember the Lord, who is great and awful, and fight for your brethren, your sons and your daughters, your wives and your houses.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 rose rise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 7 up up ADP RP _ 6 compound:prt _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 11 unto unto ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 nobles noble NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 rulers ruler NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 rest rest NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 27 : : PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 28 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 32 punct _ _ 29 Be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 32 cop _ _ 30 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 32 advmod _ _ 31 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 32 nsubj _ _ 32 afraid afraid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 ccomp _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 36 remember remember VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Inf 32 parataxis _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 Lord Lord PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 40 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 42 nsubj _ _ 41 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _ 42 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 acl:relcl _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 44 awful awful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 conj _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 47 fight fight VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Inf 36 conj _ _ 48 for for ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 50 nmod:poss _ _ 50 brethren brethren NOUN NNS Number=Plur 47 obl _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 52 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 53 nmod:poss _ _ 53 sons son NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 conj _ _ 54 and and CCONJ CC _ 56 cc _ _ 55 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 56 nmod:poss _ _ 56 daughters daughter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 conj _ _ 57 , , PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 58 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 59 nmod:poss _ _ 59 wives wife NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 conj _ _ 60 and and CCONJ CC _ 62 cc _ _ 61 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 62 nmod:poss _ _ 62 houses house NOUN NNS Number=Plur 59 conj _ _ 63 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 64 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed act=request | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look** | past | I | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 2 | **rise up** | past | I *not said here* | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | I *not said here* | | | | | unto the nobles and the rulers and the rest of the people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **not** **is** | infinitive | ye | | | | | of people; afraid *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **remember** | infinitive | | the Lord | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent lord=Theme | | 6 | **is** | present | the Lord | | | | | great *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **be** | | the Lord *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **fight** | infinitive | | | | | | for your brethren and your sons and your daughters and your wives and your houses | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וָאֵ֣רֶא וָאָק֗וּם וָאֹמַ֞ר אֶל־הַחֹרִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַסְּגָנִים֙ וְאֶל־יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם אֶת־אֲדֹנָ֞י הַגָּד֤וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא֙ זְכֹ֔רוּ וְהִֽלָּחֲמ֗וּ עַל־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֔ם נְשֵׁיכֶ֖ם וּבָתֵּיכֶֽם׃פ [Nehemiah 4:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:90` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Nehemiah 4:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.89/) - next →: [Nehemiah 4:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.91/) - ↑ back to [Nehemiah 4:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.8/)