---
title: Proverbs 4:15 (JPS 1917) — Avoid it, pass not by it; turn from it, and pass on. · tree and pragmatics
description: Avoid it, pass not by it; turn from it, and pass on. Who acts: you. Proverbs 4:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 4:15 · JPS 1917

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Avoid it, pass not by it; turn from it, and pass on.

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** avoid, not pass, turn, pass on · **To what, where:** hold

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This is Proverbs 4:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:105
# text = Avoid it, pass not by it; turn from it, and pass on.
1	Avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	pass	pass	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	pass	pass	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | imperative | you *not said here* | hold |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent it=Location |
| 2 | **not** **pass** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by hold | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by it=Location |
| 3 | **turn** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  | hold |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from it=Trajectory |
| 4 | **pass on** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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פְּרָעֵ֥הוּ אַל־תַּעֲבָר־בּ֑וֹ שְׂטֵ֖ה מֵעָלָ֣יו וַעֲבֽוֹר׃

[Proverbs 4:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.4.15/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:105` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 4:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.104/)
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