---
title: Proverbs 1:12 (JPS 1917) — Let us swallow them up alive as the grave, and whole, as those that… · tree and pragmatics
description: Let us swallow them up alive as the grave, and whole, as those that go down into the pit; Who acts: you, us. Proverbs 1:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 1:12 · JPS 1917

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Let us swallow them up alive as the grave, and whole, as those that go down into the pit;

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**Who acts:** you, us · **What happens:** let, swallow up, go down · **To what, where:** us, sinners, pit

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This is Proverbs 1:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:11
# text = Let us swallow them up alive as the grave, and whole, as those that go down into the pit;
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	swallow	swallow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	up	up	ADV	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	12	obl	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	down	down	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swallow up** | infinitive | us *not said here* | sinners *= sinner* |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 3 | **go down** | present |  |  |  | the pit |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
נִ֭בְלָעֵם כִּשְׁא֣וֹל חַיִּ֑ים וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים כְּי֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃

[Proverbs 1:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.1.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:11` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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