---
title: Proverbs 7:23 (JPS 1917) — Till an arrow strike through his liver; as a bird hasteneth to the s… · tree and pragmatics
description: Till an arrow strike through his liver; as a bird hasteneth to the snare — and knoweth not that it is at the cost of his life. Who acts: arrow, bird. Proverbs 7:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 7:23 · JPS 1917

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Till an arrow strike through his liver; as a bird hasteneth to the snare — and knoweth not that it is at the cost of his life.

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**Who acts:** arrow, bird · **What happens:** strike, hasten, not know, be · **To what, where:** liver, snare, cost · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Proverbs 7:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arrow, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:199
# text = Till an arrow strike through his liver; as a bird hasteneth to the snare — and knoweth not that it is at the cost of his life.
1	Till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	strike	strike	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	liver	liver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	hasteneth	hasten	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	snare	snare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	knoweth	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
19	not	not	ADV	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	ccomp	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | infinitive | a arrow |  |  | arrow's liver |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through liver=Location |
| 2 | **hasten** | present | a bird |  |  | the snare |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to snare=Destination |
| 3 | **not** **know** | present | a bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is** | present | bird |  |  | the cost |  | of arrow's life | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עַ֤ד יְפַלַּ֪ח חֵ֡ץ כְּֽבֵד֗וֹ כְּמַהֵ֣ר צִפּ֣וֹר אֶל־פָּ֑ח וְלֹֽא־יָ֝דַ֗ע כִּֽי־בְנַפְשׁ֥וֹ הֽוּא׃פ

[Proverbs 7:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.7.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:199` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 7:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.198/)
- next →: [Proverbs 7:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.200/)
- ↑ back to [Proverbs 7:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.7.23/)