---
title: Proverbs 14:31 (JPS 1917) — He that oppresseth the poor blasphemeth his Maker; but he that is gr… · tree and pragmatics
description: He that oppresseth the poor blasphemeth his Maker; but he that is gracious unto the needy honoureth Him. Who acts: king. Proverbs 14:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 14:31 · JPS 1917

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He that oppresseth the poor blasphemeth his Maker; but he that is gracious unto the needy honoureth Him.

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**Who acts:** king · **What happens:** oppress, blaspheme, be, honour · **To what, where:** poor, Maker

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This is Proverbs 14:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:406
# text = He that oppresseth the poor blasphemeth his Maker; but he that is gracious unto the needy honoureth Him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	oppresseth	oppress	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	poor	poor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	blasphemeth	blaspheme	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	Maker	maker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	needy	needy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	obl	_	_
18	honoureth	honour	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
19	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oppress** | present |  | the poor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **blaspheme** | present | king | king's Maker |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent maker=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | unto the needy; gracious *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **honour** | present | king | poor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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עֹ֣שֵֽׁקדָּ֭ל חֵרֵ֣ף עֹשֵׂ֑הוּ וּ֝מְכַבְּד֗וֹ חֹנֵ֥ן אֶבְיֽוֹן׃

[Proverbs 14:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.14.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:406` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 14:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.405/)
- next →: [Proverbs 14:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.407/)
- ↑ back to [Proverbs 14:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.14.31/)