---
title: Proverbs 2:13 (JPS 1917) — Who leave the paths of uprightness, to walk in the ways of darkness; · tree and pragmatics
description: Who leave the paths of uprightness, to walk in the ways of darkness; Proverbs 2:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 2:13 · JPS 1917

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Who leave the paths of uprightness, to walk in the ways of darkness;

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**What happens:** leave, walk · **To what, where:** paths, ways

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This is Proverbs 2:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:46
# text = Who leave the paths of uprightness, to walk in the ways of darkness;
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	paths	path	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	uprightness	uprightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present |  | the paths of uprightness |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent path=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the ways of darkness |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in way=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הַ֭עֹ֣זְבִים אָרְח֣וֹת יֹ֑שֶׁר לָ֝לֶ֗כֶת בְּדַרְכֵי־חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃

[Proverbs 2:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.2.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:46` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 2:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.45/)
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