---
title: Proverbs 18:23 (JPS 1917) — The poor useth entreaties; but the rich answereth impudently. · tree and pragmatics
description: The poor useth entreaties; but the rich answereth impudently. Who acts: poor, rich. Proverbs 18:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 18:23 · JPS 1917

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The poor useth entreaties; but the rich answereth impudently.

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**Who acts:** poor, rich · **What happens:** use, answer · **To what, where:** entreaties

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This is Proverbs 18:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor, rich), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:527
# text = The poor useth entreaties; but the rich answereth impudently.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	useth	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	entreaties	entreaty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rich	rich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	answereth	answer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	impudently	impudently	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | the poor | entreaties |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent entreaty=Patient |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | present | the rich |  |  |  |  | impudently *property* | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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תַּחֲנוּנִ֥ים יְדַבֶּר־רָ֑שׁ וְ֝עָשִׁ֗יר יַעֲנֶ֥ה עַזּֽוֹת׃

[Proverbs 18:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.18.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:527` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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