---
title: Proverbs 18:24 (JPS 1917) — There are friends that one hath to his own hurt; but there is a frie… · tree and pragmatics
description: There are friends that one hath to his own hurt; but there is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Who acts: friends, one, friend, rich. Proverbs 18:24 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 18:24 · JPS 1917

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There are friends that one hath to his own hurt; but there is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother.

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**Who acts:** friends, one, friend, rich · **What happens:** be, have, stick, hurt · **To what, where:** friends

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This is Proverbs 18:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friends, one, friend, rich), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:528
# text = There are friends that one hath to his own hurt; but there is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
5	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	hurt	hurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	sticketh	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	closer	close	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	18	advmod	_	_
20	than	than	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | friends |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | one | friends |  |  |  | to rich's own hurt | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |
| 3 | **be** | present | a friend |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **stick** | present | a friend |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **hurt** |  | rich |  |  |  |  |  | nom hurt «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אִ֣ישׁ רֵ֭עִים לְהִתְרֹעֵ֑עַ וְיֵ֥שׁ אֹ֝הֵ֗ב דָּבֵ֥ק מֵאָֽח׃

[Proverbs 18:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.18.24/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:528` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 18:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.527/)
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- ↑ back to [Proverbs 18:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.18.24/)