---
title: Proverbs 21:18 (JPS 1917) — The wicked is a ransom for the righteous; and the faithless cometh i… · tree and pragmatics
description: The wicked is a ransom for the righteous; and the faithless cometh in the stead of the upright. Who acts: wicked, faithless. Proverbs 21:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 21:18 · JPS 1917

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The wicked is a ransom for the righteous; and the faithless cometh in the stead of the upright.

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**Who acts:** wicked, faithless · **What happens:** be, come · **To what, where:** ransom, stead

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This is Proverbs 21:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wicked, faithless), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:606
# text = The wicked is a ransom for the righteous; and the faithless cometh in the stead of the upright.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ransom	ransom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	righteous	righteous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	faithless	faithless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	nsubj	_	_
13	cometh	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	stead	stead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	nmod	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the wicked | a ransom |  |  |  | for the righteous | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present | the faithless |  |  | the stead of the upright |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in stead=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כֹּ֣פֶר לַצַּדִּ֣יק רָשָׁ֑ע וְתַ֖חַת יְשָׁרִ֣ים בּוֹגֵֽד׃

[Proverbs 21:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.21.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:606` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 21:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.605/)
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- ↑ back to [Proverbs 21:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.21.18/)