---
title: Proverbs 24:31 (JPS 1917) — And, lo, it was all grown over with thistles, the face thereof was c… · tree and pragmatics
description: And, lo, it was all grown over with thistles, the face thereof was covered with nettles, and the stone wall thereof was broken down. Proverbs 24:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 24:31 · JPS 1917

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And, lo, it was all grown over with thistles, the face thereof was covered with nettles, and the stone wall thereof was broken down.

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**What happens:** grow over, cover, break down · **To what, where:** field, face, stone wall

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This is Proverbs 24:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:718
# text = And, lo, it was all grown over with thistles, the face thereof was covered with nettles, and the stone wall thereof was broken down.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	thistles	thistle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	nettles	nettle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
28	down	down	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow over** | past · passive |  | field |  |  |  | with thistles; all *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with thistle=Instrument |
| 2 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the face |  |  |  | with nettles | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with nettle=Theme |
| 3 | **break down** | past · passive |  | the stone wall |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהִנֵּ֨ה עָ֘לָ֤ה כֻלּ֨וֹ ׀ קִמְּשֹׂנִ֗ים כָּסּ֣וּ פָנָ֣יו חֲרֻלִּ֑ים וְגֶ֖דֶר אֲבָנָ֣יו נֶהֱרָֽסָה׃

[Proverbs 24:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.24.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:718` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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