---
title: Proverbs 25:13 (JPS 1917) — As the cold of snow in the time of harvest, so is a faithful messeng… · tree and pragmatics
description: As the cold of snow in the time of harvest, so is a faithful messenger to him that sendeth him; for he refresheth the soul of his master. Who acts: faithful messenger, neighbour. Proverbs 25:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 25:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As the cold of snow in the time of harvest, so is a faithful messenger to him that sendeth him; for he refresheth the soul of his master.

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**Who acts:** faithful messenger, neighbour · **What happens:** be, send, refresh · **To what, where:** faithful messenger, neighbour, soul

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This is Proverbs 25:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (faithful messenger, neighbour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:734
# text = As the cold of snow in the time of harvest, so is a faithful messenger to him that sendeth him; for he refresheth the soul of his master.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	advcl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	harvest	harvest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	sendeth	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	refresheth	refresh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a faithful messenger | neighbour |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | present | a faithful messenger | neighbour |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **refresh** | present | neighbour | the soul of neighbour's master |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus soul=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כְּצִנַּת־שֶׁ֨לֶג ׀ בְּי֬וֹם קָצִ֗יר צִ֣יר נֶ֭אֱמָן לְשֹׁלְחָ֑יו וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ אֲדֹנָ֣יו יָשִֽׁיב׃פ

[Proverbs 25:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.25.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:734` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 25:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.733/)
- next →: [Proverbs 25:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.735/)
- ↑ back to [Proverbs 25:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.25.13/)