---
title: Proverbs 25:18 (JPS 1917) — As a maul, and a sword, and a sharp arrow, so is a man that beareth… · tree and pragmatics
description: As a maul, and a sword, and a sharp arrow, so is a man that beareth false witness against his neighbour. Who acts: man. Proverbs 25:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 25:18 · JPS 1917

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As a maul, and a sword, and a sharp arrow, so is a man that beareth false witness against his neighbour.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** be, bear · **To what, where:** man, false witness

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This is Proverbs 25:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:739
# text = As a maul, and a sword, and a sharp arrow, so is a man that beareth false witness against his neighbour.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	maul	maul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	advcl	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	beareth	bear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	against	against	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear** | present | a man | false witness |  |  |  | against foot's neighbour | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent witness=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מֵפִ֣יץ וְ֭חֶרֶב וְחֵ֣ץ שָׁנ֑וּן אִ֥ישׁ עֹנֶ֥ה בְ֝רֵעֵ֗הוּ עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר׃

[Proverbs 25:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.25.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:739` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 25:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.738/)
- next →: [Proverbs 25:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.740/)
- ↑ back to [Proverbs 25:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.25.18/)