---
title: Proverbs 25:20 (JPS 1917) — As one that taketh off a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upo… · tree and pragmatics
description: As one that taketh off a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upon nitre, so is he that singeth songs to a heavy heart. Proverbs 25:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 25:20 · JPS 1917

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As one that taketh off a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upon nitre, so is he that singeth songs to a heavy heart.

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**What happens:** take off, be, sing · **To what, where:** garment, cold weather, foot, songs, heavy heart

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This is Proverbs 25:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:741
# text = As one that taketh off a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upon nitre, so is he that singeth songs to a heavy heart.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	one	one	PRON	NN	Number=Sing	20	advcl	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	taketh	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	garment	garment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	nitre	nitre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	0	root	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	singeth	sing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
23	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take off** | present |  | a garment |  | cold weather |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garment=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | foot |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | present |  | songs | a heavy heart |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent song=Topic to heart=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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מַ֥עֲדֶה בֶּ֨גֶד ׀ בְּי֣וֹם קָ֭רָה חֹ֣מֶץ עַל־נָ֑תֶר וְשָׁ֥ר בַּ֝שִּׁרִ֗ים עַ֣ל לֶב־רָֽע׃פ

[Proverbs 25:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.25.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:741` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 25:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.740/)
- next →: [Proverbs 25:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.742/)
- ↑ back to [Proverbs 25:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.25.20/)