---
title: Proverbs 26:28 (JPS 1917) — A lying tongue hateth those that are crushed by it; and a flattering… · tree and pragmatics
description: A lying tongue hateth those that are crushed by it; and a flattering mouth worketh ruin. Who acts: lying tongue, tongue, flattering mouth. Proverbs 26:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 26:28 · JPS 1917

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A lying tongue hateth those that are crushed by it; and a flattering mouth worketh ruin.

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**Who acts:** lying tongue, tongue, flattering mouth · **What happens:** hate, crush, work · **To what, where:** those, ruin

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This is Proverbs 26:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lying tongue, tongue, flattering mouth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:777
# text = A lying tongue hateth those that are crushed by it; and a flattering mouth worketh ruin.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lying	lying	ADJ	JJ	_	3	amod	_	_
3	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hateth	hate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	crushed	crush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl:agent	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	flattering	flattering	ADJ	JJ	_	15	amod	_	_
15	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	worketh	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	ruin	ruin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hate** | present | a lying tongue | those |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 2 | **crush** | present · passive | tongue |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument subject=Patient |
| 3 | **work** | present | a flattering mouth | ruin |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent ruin=Material |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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לְֽשׁוֹן־שֶׁ֭קֶר יִשְׂנָ֣א דַכָּ֑יו וּפֶ֥ה חָ֝לָ֗ק יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה מִדְחֶֽה׃

[Proverbs 26:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.26.28/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:777` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 26:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.776/)
- next →: [Proverbs 27:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.778/)
- ↑ back to [Proverbs 26:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.26.28/)