---
title: Proverbs 28:3 (JPS 1917) — A poor man that oppresseth the weak is like a sweeping rain which le… · tree and pragmatics
description: A poor man that oppresseth the weak is like a sweeping rain which leaveth no food. Who acts: poor man, sweeping rain. Proverbs 28:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 28:3 · JPS 1917

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A poor man that oppresseth the weak is like a sweeping rain which leaveth no food.

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**Who acts:** poor man, sweeping rain · **What happens:** oppress, be, leave · **To what, where:** weak, food

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This is Proverbs 28:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor man, sweeping rain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:807
# text = A poor man that oppresseth the weak is like a sweeping rain which leaveth no food.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	oppresseth	oppress	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	weak	weak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	sweeping	sweeping	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	leaveth	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=evaluate, polarity=neg

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oppress** | present | a poor man | the weak |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | a poor man |  |  |  |  | like a sweeping rain | tree rules |
| 3 | **leave** | present | a sweeping rain | no food |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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גֶּ֣בֶר רָ֭שׁ וְעֹשֵׁ֣ק דַּלִּ֑ים מָטָ֥ר סֹ֝חֵ֗ף וְאֵ֣ין לָֽחֶם׃

[Proverbs 28:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:807` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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