---
title: Proverbs 28:14 (JPS 1917) — Happy is the man that feareth alway; but he that hardeneth his heart… · tree and pragmatics
description: Happy is the man that feareth alway; but he that hardeneth his heart shall fall into evil. Who acts: man. Proverbs 28:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 28:14 · JPS 1917

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Happy is the man that feareth alway; but he that hardeneth his heart shall fall into evil.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** be, fear, harden, fall · **To what, where:** heart, evil

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This is Proverbs 28:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:818
# text = Happy is the man that feareth alway; but he that hardeneth his heart shall fall into evil.
1	Happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	feareth	fear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	alway	alway	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	hardeneth	harden	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	Mood=Ind|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the man |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fear** | present | the man |  |  |  |  | alway *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **harden** | present |  | man's heart |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |
| 4 | **fall** | shall | man |  |  |  |  | into evil *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into evil=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מְפַחֵ֣ד תָּמִ֑יד וּמַקְשֶׁ֥ה לִ֝בּ֗וֹ יִפּ֥וֹל בְּרָעָֽה׃

[Proverbs 28:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:818` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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