---
title: Proverbs 28:15 (JPS 1917) — As a roaring lion, and a ravenous bear; so is a wicked ruler over a… · tree and pragmatics
description: As a roaring lion, and a ravenous bear; so is a wicked ruler over a poor people. Proverbs 28:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 28:15 · JPS 1917

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As a roaring lion, and a ravenous bear; so is a wicked ruler over a poor people.

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**What happens:** be · **To what, where:** wicked ruler

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This is Proverbs 28:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:819
# text = As a roaring lion, and a ravenous bear; so is a wicked ruler over a poor people.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	roaring	roaring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	ravenous	ravenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
16	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a wicked ruler |  |  |  | as a roaring lion and a ravenous bear; over a poor people | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֲרִי־נֹ֭הֵם וְדֹ֣ב שׁוֹקֵ֑ק מֹשֵׁ֥ל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע עַ֣ל עַם־דָּֽל׃

[Proverbs 28:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.15/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:819` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 28:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.818/)
- next →: [Proverbs 28:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.820/)
- ↑ back to [Proverbs 28:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.15/)