---
title: Proverbs 28:16 (JPS 1917) — The prince that lacketh understanding is also a great oppressor; but… · tree and pragmatics
description: The prince that lacketh understanding is also a great oppressor; but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days. Who acts: prince, man. Proverbs 28:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 28:16 · JPS 1917

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The prince that lacketh understanding is also a great oppressor; but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days.

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**Who acts:** prince, man · **What happens:** lack, be, hate, prolong · **To what, where:** understanding, great oppressor, covetousness

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This is Proverbs 28:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:820
# text = The prince that lacketh understanding is also a great oppressor; but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lacketh	lack	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	oppressor	oppressor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	hateth	hate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	covetousness	covetousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	prolong	prolong	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lack** | present | the prince | understanding |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the prince | a great oppressor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hate** | present |  | covetousness |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer covetousness=Stimulus |
| 4 | **prolong** | shall | man |  |  |  | day |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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נָגִ֗יד חֲסַ֣ר תְּ֭בוּנוֹת וְרַ֥ב מַעֲשַׁקּ֑וֹת שֹׂ֥נֵא בֶ֝֗צַע יַאֲרִ֥יךְ יָמִֽים׃פ

[Proverbs 28:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:820` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 28:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.819/)
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- ↑ back to [Proverbs 28:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.16/)