---
title: Proverbs 30:4 (JPS 1917) — Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended? · tree and pragmatics
description: Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended? Proverbs 30:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 30:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 5

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Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended?

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**What happens:** ascend up, descend · **To what, where:** heaven

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This is Proverbs 30:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 5 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:864
# text = Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	ascended	ascend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=wh, act=ask

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascend up** | present · perfect |  |  |  | heaven |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into heaven=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **descend** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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מִ֤י עָלָֽה־שָׁמַ֨יִם ׀ וַיֵּרַ֡ד מִ֤י אָֽסַף־ר֨וּחַ ׀ בְּחָפְנָ֡יו מִ֤י צָֽרַר־מַ֨יִם ׀ בַּשִּׂמְלָ֗ה מִ֭י הֵקִ֣ים כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ מַה־שְּׁמ֥וֹ וּמַֽה־שֶּׁם־בְּ֝נ֗וֹ כִּ֣י תֵדָֽע׃

[Proverbs 30:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.30.4/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended?**
2. [Who hath gathered the wind in his fists?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.865/)
3. [Who hath bound the waters in his garment?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.866/)
4. [Who hath established all the ends of the earth?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.867/)
5. [What is his name, and what is his son's name, if thou knowest?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.868/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:864` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Proverbs 30:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.863/)
- next →: [Proverbs 30:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.865/)
- ↑ back to [Proverbs 30:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.30.4/)