---
title: Proverbs 31:8 (JPS 1917) — Open thy mouth for the dumb, in the cause of all such as are appoint… · tree and pragmatics
description: Open thy mouth for the dumb, in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction. Who acts: you. Proverbs 31:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 31:8 · JPS 1917

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Open thy mouth for the dumb, in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction.

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** open, appoint, cause · **To what, where:** mouth, cause, all

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This is Proverbs 31:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:905
# text = Open thy mouth for the dumb, in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction.
1	Open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	all	all	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	10	nmod	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	12	amod	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	appointed	appoint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | imperative | you *not said here* | thy mouth |  | the cause of all |  | for the dumb | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent mouth=Theme in cause=Location |
| 2 | **appoint** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | to destruction | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: to destruction=Attribute |
| 3 | **cause** |  |  | all |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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פְּתַח־פִּ֥יךָ לְאִלֵּ֑ם אֶל־דִּ֝֗ין כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י חֲלֽוֹף׃

[Proverbs 31:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.31.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:905` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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