---
title: Proverbs 31:18 (JPS 1917) — She perceiveth that her merchandise is good; her lamp goeth not out… · tree and pragmatics
description: She perceiveth that her merchandise is good; her lamp goeth not out by night. Who acts: heart, merchandise, lamp. Proverbs 31:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Proverbs 31:18 · JPS 1917

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She perceiveth that her merchandise is good; her lamp goeth not out by night.

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**Who acts:** heart, merchandise, lamp · **What happens:** perceive, be, not go out

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This is Proverbs 31:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart, merchandise, lamp), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PRO:915
# text = She perceiveth that her merchandise is good; her lamp goeth not out by night.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	perceiveth	perceive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	merchandise	merchandise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	goeth	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
13	out	out	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | present | heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | heart's merchandise |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **go out** | present | heart's lamp |  |  |  | night | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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טָ֭עֲמָה כִּי־ט֣וֹב סַחְרָ֑הּ לֹֽא־יִכְבֶּ֖ה בַלַּ֣יְלָה נֵרָֽהּ׃

[Proverbs 31:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.31.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PRO:915` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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