---
title: Psalms 66:12 (JPS 1917) — Thou hast caused men to ride over our heads; we went through fire an… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thou hast caused men to ride over our heads; we went through fire and through water; but Thou didst bring us out unto abundance. Who acts: Thou, men, we. Psalms 66:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 66:12 · JPS 1917

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Thou hast caused men to ride over our heads; we went through fire and through water; but Thou didst bring us out unto abundance.

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**Who acts:** Thou, men, we · **What happens:** cause, ride, go, bring out · **To what, where:** men, heads, fire, us

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This is Psalms 66:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, men, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1071
# text = Thou hast caused men to ride over our heads; we went through fire and through water; but Thou didst bring us out unto abundance.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	ride	ride	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	through	through	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	through	through	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nsubj	_	_
21	didst	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
23	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	out	out	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
25	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · perfect | Thou | men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ride** | to-infinitive | men *not said here* |  |  | our heads |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over head=Trajectory |
| 3 | **go** | past | we |  |  | fire and water |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through fire=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **bring out** | past · do-support | Thou | us |  |  |  | unto abundance | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent we=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הִרְכַּ֥בְתָּ אֱנ֗וֹשׁ לְרֹ֫אשֵׁ֥נוּ בָּֽאנוּ־בָאֵ֥שׁ וּבַמַּ֑יִם וַ֝תּוֹצִיאֵ֗נוּ לָֽרְוָיָֽה׃

[Psalms 66:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.66.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1071` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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