--- title: Psalms 68:31 (JPS 1917) — Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, the multitude of the bulls, with… · tree and pragmatics description: Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the peoples, every one submitting himself with pieces of silver; He hath scattered the peoples that delight in war! Who acts: you, one, Jerusalem, peoples. Psalms 68:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1121/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 68](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/68/) / [68:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.68.31/) / JPS 1 # Psalms 68:31 · JPS 1917 Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the peoples, every one submitting himself with pieces of silver; He hath scattered the peoples that delight in war! **Who acts:** you, one, Jerusalem, peoples · **What happens:** rebuke, submit, scatter, delight · **To what, where:** wild beast, Jerusalem, peoples, war This is Psalms 68:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, one, Jerusalem, peoples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:PSA:1121 # text = Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the peoples, every one submitting himself with pieces of silver; He hath scattered the peoples that delight in war! 1 Rebuke rebuke VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 beast beast NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 reeds reed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 multitude multitude NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 bulls bull NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 with with ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 calves calf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obl _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 23 det _ _ 23 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 appos _ _ 24 submitting submit VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 acl _ _ 25 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 24 obj _ _ 26 with with ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 silver silver NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 31 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 32 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 33 scattered scatter VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 1 parataxis _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 36 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 37 nsubj _ _ 37 delight delight VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 acl:relcl _ _ 38 in in ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 40 ! ! PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=request | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rebuke** | imperative | you *not said here* | the wild beast of the reeds and the multitude of the bulls | | | | with the calves of the peoples | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beast=Theme | | 2 | **submit** | gerund | every one *not said here* | Jerusalem | | | | with pieces of silver | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent himself=Theme | | 3 | **scatter** | present · perfect | Jerusalem | | the peoples | | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent people=Destination | | 4 | **delight** | present | the peoples | | | war | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} גְּעַ֨ר חַיַּ֪ת קָנֶ֡ה עֲדַ֤ת אַבִּירִ֨ים ׀ בְּעֶגְלֵ֬י עַמִּ֗ים מִתְרַפֵּ֥ס בְּרַצֵּי־כָ֑סֶף בִּזַּ֥ר עַ֝מִּ֗ים קְרָב֥וֹת יֶחְפָּֽצוּ׃ [Psalms 68:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.68.31/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1121` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Psalms 68:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1120/) - next →: [Psalms 68:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1122/) - ↑ back to [Psalms 68:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.68.31/)