---
title: Psalms 73:8 (JPS 1917) — They scoff, and in wickedness utter oppression; they speak as if the… · tree and pragmatics
description: They scoff, and in wickedness utter oppression; they speak as if there were none on high. Who acts: pangs, none. Psalms 73:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 73:8 · JPS 1917

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They scoff, and in wickedness utter oppression; they speak as if there were none on high.

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**Who acts:** pangs, none · **What happens:** scoff, utter, speak, be · **To what, where:** oppression, wickedness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Psalms 73:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pangs, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1226
# text = They scoff, and in wickedness utter oppression; they speak as if there were none on high.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scoff	scoff	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	wickedness	wickedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
7	utter	utter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	oppression	oppression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
16	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	15	nsubj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	high	high	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scoff** | present | pangs *= pang* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **utter** *speech: other* | present | pangs *= pang* *not said here* | oppression |  | wickedness |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent oppression=Topic |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | pangs *= pang* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **be** | past | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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יָמִ֤יקוּ ׀ וִידַבְּר֣וּ בְרָ֣ע עֹ֑שֶׁק מִמָּר֥וֹם יְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃

[Psalms 73:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.73.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1226` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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