---
title: Psalms 77:18 (JPS 1917) — The clouds flooded forth waters; the skies sent out a sound; Thine a… · tree and pragmatics
description: The clouds flooded forth waters; the skies sent out a sound; Thine arrows also went abroad. Who acts: clouds, skies, arrows. Psalms 77:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 77:18 · JPS 1917

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The clouds flooded forth waters; the skies sent out a sound; Thine arrows also went abroad.

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**Who acts:** clouds, skies, arrows · **What happens:** flood, send out, go · **To what, where:** waters, sound

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This is Psalms 77:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (clouds, skies, arrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1323
# text = The clouds flooded forth waters; the skies sent out a sound; Thine arrows also went abroad.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flooded	flood	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	skies	sky	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	Thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
16	also	also	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	abroad	abroad	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flood** | past | the clouds | waters |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 2 | **send out** | past | the skies | a sound |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | past | Thine arrows |  |  |  |  | abroad *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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זֹ֤רְמוּ מַ֨יִם ׀ עָב֗וֹת ק֭וֹלנָתְנ֣וּ שְׁחָקִ֑ים אַף־חֲ֝צָצֶ֗יךָ יִתְהַלָּֽכוּ׃

[Psalms 77:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.77.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1323` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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