---
title: Psalms 78:20 (JPS 1917) — Behold, He smote the rock, that waters gushed out, and streams overf… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, He smote the rock, that waters gushed out, and streams overflowed; can He give bread also? or will He provide flesh for His people?' Who acts: God, waters, streams. Psalms 78:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 78:20 · JPS 1917

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Behold, He smote the rock, that waters gushed out, and streams overflowed; can He give bread also? or will He provide flesh for His people?'

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**Who acts:** God, waters, streams · **What happens:** smite, gush out, overflow, give, provide · **To what, where:** rock, bread, flesh

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This is Psalms 78:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (God, waters, streams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1347
# text = Behold, He smote the rock, that waters gushed out, and streams overflowed; can He give bread also? or will He provide flesh for His people?'
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gushed	gush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	overflowed	overflow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
20	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	also	also	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	provide	provide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	conj	_	_
27	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
31	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
32	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: other
- act: other
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=other, act=other, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smite** | past | God | the rock |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus rock=Experiencer |
| 2 | **gush out** | past | waters |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **overflow** | past | streams |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **give** | can | God | bread |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Theme |
| 5 | **provide** | future | God | flesh |  |  |  | for God's people | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition flesh=Theme for people=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הֵ֤ן הִכָּה־צ֨וּר ׀ וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מַיִם֮ וּנְחָלִ֪ים יִ֫שְׁטֹ֥פוּ הֲגַם־לֶ֭חֶם י֣וּכַל תֵּ֑ת אִם־יָכִ֖ין שְׁאֵ֣ר לְעַמּֽוֹ׃

[Psalms 78:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.78.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1347` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Psalms 78:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1346/)
- next →: [Psalms 78:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1348/)
- ↑ back to [Psalms 78:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.78.20/)