---
title: Psalms 78:40 (JPS 1917) — How oft did they rebel against Him in the wilderness, and grieve Him… · tree and pragmatics
description: How oft did they rebel against Him in the wilderness, and grieve Him in the desert! Who acts: streams. Psalms 78:40 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 78:40 · JPS 1917

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How oft did they rebel against Him in the wilderness, and grieve Him in the desert!

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**Who acts:** streams · **What happens:** rebel, grieve · **To what, where:** wilderness, God, desert

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This is Psalms 78:40 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (streams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1367
# text = How oft did they rebel against Him in the wilderness, and grieve Him in the desert!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	oft	oft	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	rebel	rebel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	grieve	grieve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: exclamation
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rebel** | past · do-support | streams *= stream* |  |  | the wilderness |  | against God; oft *property* | vn rebel-71.2-1 «NP V PP.maleficiary»: agent=Agent against he=Maleficiary |
| 2 | **grieve** | infinitive | streams *= stream* *not said here* | God |  | the desert |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כַּ֭מָּה יַמְר֣וּהוּ בַמִּדְבָּ֑ר יַ֝עֲצִיב֗וּהוּ בִּֽישִׁימֽוֹן׃

[Psalms 78:40: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.78.40/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1367` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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