---
title: Psalms 78:44 (JPS 1917) — And turned their rivers into blood, so that they could not drink the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And turned their rivers into blood, so that they could not drink their streams. Who acts: streams. Psalms 78:44 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1371/)

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# Psalms 78:44 · JPS 1917

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And turned their rivers into blood, so that they could not drink their streams.

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**Who acts:** streams · **What happens:** turn, not drink · **To what, where:** rivers, blood, streams

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This is Psalms 78:44 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (streams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1371
# text = And turned their rivers into blood, so that they could not drink their streams.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past |  | streams's rivers |  | blood |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent river=Theme into blood=Trajectory |
| 2 | **not** **drink** | could | streams *= stream* | streams's streams |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stream=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ לְ֭דָם יְאֹרֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן׃

[Psalms 78:44: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.78.44/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1371` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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