---
title: Psalms 11:1 (JPS 1917) — In the LORD have I taken refuge; how say ye to my soul: 'Flee thou!… · tree and pragmatics
description: In the LORD have I taken refuge; how say ye to my soul: 'Flee thou! to your mountain, ye birds'? Who acts: I, ye, thou. Psalms 11:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 11:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 3 of 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the LORD have I taken refuge; how say ye to my soul: 'Flee thou! to your mountain, ye birds'?

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**Who acts:** I, ye, thou · **What happens:** take, say, flee, bird · **To what, where:** refuge, mountain · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Psalms 11:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 3 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, ye, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:138
# text = In the LORD have I taken refuge; how say ye to my soul: 'Flee thou! to your mountain, ye birds'?
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
11	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nsubj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
16	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Flee	flee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
18	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
19	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nsubj	_	_
25	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	vocative	_	_
26	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: express
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed form=q, act=express, indirect=1

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present · perfect | I | refuge |  |  |  | in the LORD | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent refuge=Value in lord=Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | ye |  |  |  |  | to my soul | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to soul=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 3 | **flee** | infinitive | thou |  |  | your mountain |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to mountain=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **bird** |  | ye |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ לְדָ֫וִ֥דבַּֽיהוָ֨ה ׀ חָסִ֗יתִי אֵ֭יךְ תֹּאמְר֣וּ לְנַפְשִׁ֑י נ֝֗וּדִי הַרְכֶ֥ם צִפּֽוֹר׃

[Psalms 11:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.11.1/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [For the Leader.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.136/)
2. [A Psalm of David.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.137/)
3. **In the LORD have I taken refuge; how say ye to my soul: 'Flee thou! to your mountain, ye birds'?**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:138` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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