---
title: Psalms 78:53 (JPS 1917) — And He led them safely, and they feared not; but the sea overwhelmed… · tree and pragmatics
description: And He led them safely, and they feared not; but the sea overwhelmed their enemies. Who acts: God, people, sea. Psalms 78:53 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 78:53 · JPS 1917

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And He led them safely, and they feared not; but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.

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**Who acts:** God, people, sea · **What happens:** lead, not fear, overwhelm · **To what, where:** people, enemies

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This is Psalms 78:53 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (God, people, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1380
# text = And He led them safely, and they feared not; but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	overwhelmed	overwhelm	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | God | people |  |  |  | safely *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **fear** | past | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **overwhelm** | past | the sea | people's enemies |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus enemy=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם לָ֭בֶטַח וְלֹ֣א פָחָ֑דוּ וְאֶת־א֝וֹיְבֵיהֶ֗ם כִּסָּ֥ה הַיָּֽם׃

[Psalms 78:53: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.78.53/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1380` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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