---
title: Psalms 88:16 (JPS 1917) — I am afflicted and at the point of death from my youth up; I have bo… · tree and pragmatics
description: I am afflicted and at the point of death from my youth up; I have borne Thy terrors, I am distracted. Who acts: I. Psalms 88:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 88:16 · JPS 1917

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I am afflicted and at the point of death from my youth up; I have borne Thy terrors, I am distracted.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** afflict, bear, be, point · **To what, where:** I, youth, terrors, death

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This is Psalms 88:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1557
# text = I am afflicted and at the point of death from my youth up; I have borne Thy terrors, I am distracted.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
13	up	up	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
18	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	terrors	terror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	distracted	distract	ADJ	VBN	_	17	parataxis	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | present · passive |  | I |  | my youth |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **bear** | present · perfect | I | Thy terrors |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent terror=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | distract *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **point** |  |  | death |  |  |  |  | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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עָ֘נִ֤י אֲנִ֣י וְגֹוֵ֣עַ מִנֹּ֑עַר נָשָׂ֖אתִי אֵמֶ֣יךָ אָפֽוּנָה׃

[Psalms 88:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.88.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1557` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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