---
title: Psalms 88:19 (JPS 1917) — Friend and companion hast Thou put far from me, and mine acquaintanc… · tree and pragmatics
description: Friend and companion hast Thou put far from me, and mine acquaintance into darkness. Who acts: Thou, mine. Psalms 88:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 88:19 · JPS 1917

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Friend and companion hast Thou put far from me, and mine acquaintance into darkness.

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**Who acts:** Thou, mine · **What happens:** put, acquaint · **To what, where:** Friend, darkness

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This is Psalms 88:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, mine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1560
# text = Friend and companion hast Thou put far from me, and mine acquaintance into darkness.
1	Friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	companion	companion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
6	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	mine	mine	PRON	PRP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	acquaintance	acquaintance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present · perfect | Thou |  | Friend and companion and mine acquaintance into darkness |  |  | from me; far *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent friend=Goal |
| 2 | **acquaint** |  | mine |  |  | darkness |  |  | nom acquaintance «cognition transitive»: poss=agent into=place |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הִרְחַ֣קְתָּ מִ֭מֶּנִּי אֹהֵ֣ב וָרֵ֑עַ מְֽיֻדָּעַ֥י מַחְשָֽׁךְ׃

[Psalms 88:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.88.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1560` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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