---
title: Psalms 91:13 (JPS 1917) — Thou shalt tread upon the lion and asp; the young lion and the serpe… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thou shalt tread upon the lion and asp; the young lion and the serpent shalt thou trample under feet. Who acts: Thou, young lion. Psalms 91:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 91:13 · JPS 1917

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Thou shalt tread upon the lion and asp; the young lion and the serpent shalt thou trample under feet.

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**Who acts:** Thou, young lion · **What happens:** tread, trample · **To what, where:** feet

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This is Psalms 91:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, young lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1648
# text = Thou shalt tread upon the lion and asp; the young lion and the serpent shalt thou trample under feet.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	tread	tread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	asp	asp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	serpent	serpent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nsubj	_	_
18	trample	trample	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
19	under	under	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tread** | shall | Thou |  |  |  |  | upon the lion | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon lion=Trajectory |
| 2 | **trample** | shall | the young lion and the serpent |  |  | feet |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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עַל־שַׁ֣חַל וָפֶ֣תֶן תִּדְרֹ֑ךְ תִּרְמֹ֖ס כְּפִ֣יר וְתַנִּֽין׃

[Psalms 91:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.91.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1648` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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