---
title: Psalms 93:3 (JPS 1917) — The floods have lifted up, O LORD, the floods have lifted up their v… · tree and pragmatics
description: The floods have lifted up, O LORD, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their roaring. Who acts: floods. Psalms 93:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 93:3 · JPS 1917

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The floods have lifted up, O LORD, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their roaring.

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**Who acts:** floods · **What happens:** lift up, roar · **To what, where:** voice, roaring

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This is Psalms 93:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (floods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1672
# text = The floods have lifted up, O LORD, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their roaring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lifted	lift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	_
8	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	vocative	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	lifted	lift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	lift	lift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
21	up	up	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	roaring	roaring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | present · perfect | the floods |  |  |  |  | LORD *vocative* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lift up** | present · perfect | the floods | floods's voice |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Theme |
| 3 | **lift up** | present | the floods | floods's roaring |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roaring=Theme |
| 4 | **roar** |  | floods *= flood* |  |  |  |  |  | nom roaring «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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נָשְׂא֤וּ נְהָר֨וֹת ׀ יְֽהוָ֗ה נָשְׂא֣וּ נְהָר֣וֹת קוֹלָ֑ם יִשְׂא֖וּ נְהָר֣וֹת דָּכְיָֽם׃

[Psalms 93:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.93.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1672` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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