---
title: Psalms 14:4 (JPS 1917) — 'Shall not all the workers of iniquity know it, who eat up My people… · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Shall not all the workers of iniquity know it, who eat up My people as they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD?' Who acts: workers. Psalms 14:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 14:4 · JPS 1917

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'Shall not all the workers of iniquity know it, who eat up My people as they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD?'

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**Who acts:** workers · **What happens:** not know, eat up, eat, not call · **To what, where:** iniquity, people, bread · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Psalms 14:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (workers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:170
# text = 'Shall not all the workers of iniquity know it, who eat up My people as they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD?'
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
2	Shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
20	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
25	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
29	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed indirect=1

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **know** | shall | all workers of iniquity | iniquity |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 2 | **eat up** | present | all workers of iniquity | My people |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 3 | **eat** | present | workers *= worker* | bread |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **call** | present | all workers of iniquity *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon the LORD | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ כָּל־פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃

[Psalms 14:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.14.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:170` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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