---
title: Psalms 96:11 (JPS 1917) — Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; let the sea roar… · tree and pragmatics
description: Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof; Who acts: you, heavens, earth, sea. Psalms 96:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 96:11 · JPS 1917

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Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof;

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**Who acts:** you, heavens, earth, sea · **What happens:** let, be, rejoice, roar · **To what, where:** heavens, earth, sea

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This is Psalms 96:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, heavens, earth, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1722
# text = Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof;
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	rejoice	rejoice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	roar	roar	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	fulness	fulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
21	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | the heavens |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heaven=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | the heavens *not said here* |  |  |  |  | glad *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the earth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **rejoice** | infinitive | the earth *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  | the sea and the fulness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **roar** | infinitive | the sea and the fulness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
יִשְׂמְח֣וּ הַ֭שָּׁמַיִם וְתָגֵ֣ל הָאָ֑רֶץ יִֽרְעַ֥ם הַ֝יָּ֗ם וּמְלֹאֽוֹ׃

[Psalms 96:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.96.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1722` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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