---
title: Psalms 104:4 (JPS 1917) — Who makest winds Thy messengers, the flaming fire Thy ministers. · tree and pragmatics
description: Who makest winds Thy messengers, the flaming fire Thy ministers. Who acts: winds. Psalms 104:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 104:4 · JPS 1917

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Who makest winds Thy messengers, the flaming fire Thy ministers.

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**Who acts:** winds · **What happens:** make, messenger

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This is Psalms 104:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1827
# text = Who makest winds Thy messengers, the flaming fire Thy ministers.
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makest	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	flaming	flaming	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	ministers	minister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **messenger** |  | winds |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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עֹשֶׂ֣ה מַלְאָכָ֣יו רוּח֑וֹת מְ֝שָׁרְתָ֗יו אֵ֣שׁ לֹהֵֽט׃

[Psalms 104:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.104.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1827` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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