---
title: Psalms 104:20 (JPS 1917) — Thou makest darkness, and it is night, wherein all the beasts of the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thou makest darkness, and it is night, wherein all the beasts of the forest do creep forth. Who acts: Thou, darkness, beasts. Psalms 104:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 104:20 · JPS 1917

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Thou makest darkness, and it is night, wherein all the beasts of the forest do creep forth.

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**Who acts:** Thou, darkness, beasts · **What happens:** make, be, creep · **To what, where:** darkness, night

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This is Psalms 104:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, darkness, beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1843
# text = Thou makest darkness, and it is night, wherein all the beasts of the forest do creep forth.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makest	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
10	wherein	wherein	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
11	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	13	det:predet	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	creep	creep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	_
19	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Thou | darkness |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset darkness=Product |
| 2 | **is a** | present | darkness | night |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **creep** | present · do-support | all beasts of the forest |  |  |  |  | forth, wherein *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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תָּֽשֶׁת־חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וִ֣יהִי לָ֑יְלָה בּֽוֹ־תִ֝רְמֹ֗שׂ כָּל־חַיְתוֹ־יָֽעַר׃

[Psalms 104:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.104.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1843` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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