---
title: Psalms 105:31 (JPS 1917) — He spoke, and there came swarms of flies, and gnats in all their bor… · tree and pragmatics
description: He spoke, and there came swarms of flies, and gnats in all their borders. Who acts: land, swarms. Psalms 105:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1892/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 105](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/105/) / [105:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.105.31/) / JPS 1

# Psalms 105:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He spoke, and there came swarms of flies, and gnats in all their borders.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** land, swarms · **What happens:** speak, come · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Psalms 105:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, swarms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:1892
# text = He spoke, and there came swarms of flies, and gnats in all their borders.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	swarms	swarm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	flies	fly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	gnats	gnat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	borders	border	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | land |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** | past | swarms of flies in swarms's borders and gnats |  |  | there |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אָ֭מַר וַיָּבֹ֣א עָרֹ֑ב כִּ֝נִּ֗ים בְּכָל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃

[Psalms 105:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.105.31/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:1892` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Psalms 105:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1891/)
- next →: [Psalms 105:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.1893/)
- ↑ back to [Psalms 105:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.105.31/)