---
title: Psalms 109:2 (JPS 1917) — For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of deceit have they opened… · tree and pragmatics
description: For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of deceit have they opened against me; they have spoken unto me with a lying tongue. Who acts: mouth. Psalms 109:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 109:2 · JPS 1917

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For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of deceit have they opened against me; they have spoken unto me with a lying tongue.

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**Who acts:** mouth · **What happens:** open, speak · **To what, where:** mouth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Psalms 109:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mouth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:2016
# text = For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of deceit have they opened against me; they have spoken unto me with a lying tongue.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	opened	open	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
15	against	against	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	parataxis	_	_
21	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	lying	lie	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present · perfect | mouth | the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of deceit |  |  |  | against me | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent mouth=Theme against i=Location |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · perfect | mouth |  |  |  |  | unto me; with a lying tongue | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with tongue=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כִּ֤י פִ֪י רָשָׁ֡ע וּֽפִי־מִ֭רְמָה עָלַ֣י פָּתָ֑חוּ דִּבְּר֥וּ אִ֝תִּ֗י לְשׁ֣וֹן שָֽׁקֶר׃

[Psalms 109:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.109.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:2016` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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